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Entry |
Place and Manner of Articulation | Croatian Orthography | IPA Transcription | English Gloss |
Sound Illustrated |
1 |
voiceless bilabial plosive |
piti |
piti |
to drink |
p |
2 |
voiced bilabial plosive |
biti |
biti |
to be |
b |
3 |
voiceless dental plosive |
ta |
t̪aː |
that one |
t̪ |
4 |
voiced dental plosive |
da |
da̪ʔ |
yes |
d̪ |
5 |
voiceless velar plosive |
kod |
kod̪ |
at |
k |
6 |
voiced velar plosive |
god |
god̪ |
wherever |
g |
7 |
voiceless apico-dental affricate |
car |
t̪sar |
czar |
t̪s |
8 |
voiceless lamino-dental affricate |
ćemer |
t̪ʃemer |
money belt |
t̪ʃ |
9 |
voiceless retroflex affricate |
čemer |
ʈsemer |
bitterness |
ʈs |
10 |
voiced lamino-dental affricate |
đak |
d̪ʒak |
student |
d̪ʒ |
11 |
voiced retroflex affricate |
džak |
ɖzak |
sack |
ɖz |
12 |
voiceless labiodental fricative |
faza |
faːza |
phase |
f |
13 |
voiced labiodental fricative |
vaza |
vaːza |
vase |
v |
14 |
voiceless alveolar (sibilant) fricative |
sa |
saʔ |
with |
s |
15 |
voiced alveolar (sibilant) fricative |
za |
zaʔ |
for |
z |
16 |
voiceless retroflex (sibilant) fricative |
šah |
ʂah |
chess |
sʂ |
17 |
voiced retroflex (sibilant) fricative |
žaba |
ʐaba |
frog |
ʐ |
18 |
voiced retroflex affricate |
dzaba |
ɖzaba |
free |
dz |
19 |
voiceless velar fricative |
hrabar |
xraːbar |
brave |
x |
20 |
bilabial nasal |
mu |
muʔ |
to him |
m |
21 |
dental nasal |
nu |
n̪uʔ |
look at this |
n̪ |
22 |
palatal nasal |
nju |
ɲuː |
her |
nɲ |
23 |
voiced alveolar approximant |
lak |
lak |
light |
l |
24 |
voiced alveolar trill |
rak |
rak |
cancer (sign) |
r |
25 |
consonantal /r/ |
treba |
t̪reba |
it is necessary |
r |
26 |
vowel /r/ |
tvrd |
t̪vrd |
hard |
r |
27 |
voiced central approximant |
lak |
jaːk |
strong |
j |
28 |
voiced lateral approximant |
Ljilja |
ʎiʎa |
girl's name |
ʎ |
29 |
high front unrounded short vowel |
mi |
miʔ |
me (dative) |
i |
30 |
high front unrounded long vowel |
mi |
miː |
we (nominative) |
iː |
31 |
higher-mid front unrounded short vowel |
zena |
zen̪a |
woman (nominative sing.) |
e |
32 |
higher-mid front unrounded long vowel |
zena |
zeːn̪a |
women (genitive pl.) |
eː |
33 |
low central back unrounded short vowel |
grad |
grad̪ |
hail |
a |
34 |
low central back unrounded long vowel |
grad |
graːd̪ |
city |
aː |
35 |
higher-mid back rounded short vowel |
vođa |
vodʒa |
ruler |
o |
36 |
higher-mid back rounded long vowel |
vodža |
voːɖza |
rulers |
oː |
37 |
high back rounded short vowel |
luk |
luk |
onion |
u |
38 |
high back rounded long vowel |
luk |
luːk |
arch |
uː |
39 |
|
Rej |
rei |
Ray (name) |
ej |
40 |
|
raj |
rai |
paradise |
aj |
41 |
|
roj |
roi |
swarm |
oj |
42 |
|
ruj |
rui |
sumac |
uj |
43 |
front voiceless velar plosive /k̟/ |
kip |
kiːp |
statue |
Allophonic variations: k |
44 |
back voiceless velar plosive /k̞/ |
kupi |
kupiː |
he picks up |
|
45 |
central voiceless velar plosive /k/ |
klada |
klad̪a |
block of wood |
|
46 |
palatal fricative /ç/ |
hiljada |
çiʎada |
thousand |
Allophonic variations: x |
47 |
glottal fricative /h/ |
hajduk |
hajd̪uk |
hero |
|
48 |
velar fricative /x/ |
hrabar |
xraːbar |
brave |
|
49 |
velar nasal /ŋ/ |
banka |
baŋka |
bank |
Nasal assimilation |
50 |
dental nasal /n/ |
banda |
ban̪d̪a |
band |
|
51 |
devoiced /r̥/ |
hram |
xr̥aːm |
temple |
Devoicing after velar fricative |
52 |
voiced /r/ |
ram |
raːm |
frame |
|
53 |
devoiced /l̥/ |
hlad |
xl̥aːd̪ |
cool |
|
54 |
voiced /l/ |
led |
leːd̪ |
ice |
|
55 |
devoiced /r̥/ |
govor |
govor̥ |
speech |
Devoicing in word final position |
56 |
voiced /r/ |
govoriti |
govoriti |
to speak |
|
57 |
|
ptica |
pt̪it̪sa |
bird |
pt |
58 |
|
pcela |
pʈ̩sela |
bee |
pc |
59 |
|
gnoj |
gnoi |
manure |
gn |
60 |
|
hteti |
xt̪et̪i |
to want |
ht |
61 |
|
dlan |
d̪lan |
palm |
dl |
62 |
|
tvoj |
t̪voj |
yours |
tv |
63 |
|
kvar |
kvaːr |
wreck |
kv |
64 |
|
svet |
sveːt̪ |
world |
sv |
65 |
|
zbivanje |
zbivaɲe |
existence |
zb |
66 |
|
zdravo |
zd̪ravo |
hello |
zd |
67 |
|
zgrada |
zgrad̪a |
building |
zg |
68 |
|
zmaj |
zmail |
dragon |
zm |
69 |
|
znati |
zn̪at̪i |
to know |
zn |
70 |
|
zloh |
zlox |
bad, evil |
zl |
71 |
|
zrelo |
zrelo |
ripe |
zr |
72 |
|
zvoniti |
zvon̪it̪i |
to ring |
zv |
73 |
|
bačva |
baʈsva |
barrel |
tsv |
74 |
|
bezvlasce |
bezvlast̪ʃe |
anarchy |
zvl |
75 |
|
knez |
kneːz |
duke |
kn |
76 |
|
knjiga |
kɲiga |
book |
knj |
77 |
|
para |
párà |
steam |
Pitch accent as phoneme |
78 |
|
para |
pǎːrà |
moneys |
|
79 |
|
para |
pâːrà |
two pair |
|
80 |
|
konja |
kóɲà |
horse (accusative) |
|
81 |
|
konja |
kǒːɲà |
horse (genitive pl.) |
|
82 |
|
Lepa si ko ruža. |
lepa si ko ruz̥a |
You are as beautiful as a rose. |
sentence |